Statistical Mechanics
Connect the motion of tiny particles to the behavior of matter you can feel.
Temperature raises particle energy. Heating the gas raises the average kinetic energy, so the rms speed grows as √T.
The dots are not a molecular simulation: their jitter just scales with v_rms = √(3kᵦT/m), shown for helium. ΔS uses a monatomic ideal gas at fixed volume, ΔS = (3/2)kᵦ ln(T/10 K) per atom. A macroscopic variable compresses information about a huge number of microscopic arrangements.
A macrostate can be realized by many microstates. The overwhelmingly numerous arrangements are why equilibrium is the most likely large-scale observation.
Make the idea yours.
Use the model, then answer without looking back. Each check isolates one decision a learner should be able to make after this lesson.