physics / Waves & Motion / free

Oscillations

Track a restoring force as it trades motion for stored energy and back again.

restoring force and energyx(t) = A cos(ωt + φ)
equilibriumpotential energy ↔ kinetic energy

The frequency is set by the system's stiffness and inertia in a real oscillator. Amplitude changes the extent of motion, not the ideal period.

amplitude A2.90 u
frequency1.50 Hz
energy proxy8.41

Near equilibrium, displacement is small and speed is largest. At an extreme, the system briefly stops before the restoring force sends it back.

04 / PRACTICE

Make the idea yours.

0 / 3 checked

Use the model, then answer without looking back. Each check isolates one decision a learner should be able to make after this lesson.

CHECK 1 / 3

What makes a force restoring?