math / Foundations / free

Set Theory

Build a language for collections, membership, and structure.

Follow the mechanism1 / 3

Membership defines a collection. A universe gives the possible elements, and a rule decides whether each one belongs to a set.

finite universeU = {1 … 12} · A ∪ B
Focus the idea
Venn diagram for set operationsThe universal set contains the numbers 1 through 12. Set A contains even and set B contains multiples of 3. The highlighted result is A ∪ B: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12.ABU123456789101112
highlighted resultcomplement member

A ∪ B = {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12}

|A|6
|B|4
result size8
universe |U|12

Union means OR: an element is highlighted when it belongs to A, B, or both. Here 8 of 12 elements qualify.

A set is defined by membership, not by order. Once the universe is named, union, intersection, and complement turn everyday “or,” “and,” and “not” into precise operations.