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Acids & Bases

Follow proton transfer through neutralization, pH, and buffering.

Follow the cause1 / 3

A proton is transferred. A Brønsted acid donates H+ while a base accepts it; the paired transfer preserves the proton count.

proton transferpH 1.9 · acidic
Focus the idea
Acids and bases exchange protons5 mL of strong acid and 2 mL of strong base, each at 0.6 M, are mixed into 50 mL of water. 1.20 mmol are neutralized, the buffer absorbs 1.00 mmol, and the resulting pH is 1.9.acidbaseH⁺neutralized 1.20 mmol · buffer 0.2
pH1.9
stateacidic
neutralized1.20 mmol
excess H⁺1.80 mmol

1.20 mmol of H⁺ and OH⁻ cancel through proton transfer; the 1.80 mmol excess sets the direction of pH.

Assumes a strong acid (HCl) and strong base (NaOH) stock at the same concentration, added to 50 mL of water, with volumes that simply add. Buffer strength sets up to 5 mmol each of H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ (pKa 7.21). pH = −log[H⁺] uses concentrations, not activities, so it is an ideal dilute-solution estimate.

04 / PRACTICE

Make the chemistry yours.

0 / 3 checked

Answer from the model, then use the explanation to connect the particle picture to the chemical rule.

CHECK 1 / 3

In proton-transfer language, what does an acid do?